• Eliminates cross-contamination between CD, LD, and magneto-optical effects

• Separates overlapping physical phenomena that conventional lock-in detection mixes

• Improves sensitivity and reliability for inherently weak MCD signals

• Enables new multidimensional spectroscopy, not just cleaner spectra

Aspect

Signal extraction

CD / LD separation

Artifact handling

Magnetic field effects

Sensitivity

Baseline quality

Line shape Fidelity

Anisotropic samples

Experimental burden

Data interpretation

Conventional MCD (Lock-in/ PEM)

Assumes specific harmonics correspond to MCD

Partial assumption-based

Mixed into detected signal (Faraday rotation, field-induced, LD

Limited by background contamination

Requires careful alignment, flipping, rotating, repeating

HarmoniX-Enabled MCD

Measures full harmonic spectrum and assigns signals based on physical origin

Reduced experimentally (alignment, rotation, averaging)

Primarily MCD

Explicit, quantitative separation of CD, LD, and LB

Removed mathematically during acquisition

Can be distorted or sign-inverted by artifacts

Disentangled into distinct harmonic contributions

Often distorted or drifting

Higher effective sensitivity due to cleaner isolation

Reproducibility

Flat, physically meaningful baselines

Requires assumptions and caution

True line shapes preserved

Information content

Problematic; often avoided or heavily corrected

Fully analyzable; anisotropy becomes useful data

Single measurement captures full polarization information

Operator - and setup-dependent

More direct, less ambiguous interpretation

MCD + CD + LD + Coupling terms simultaneously

Intrinsic and robust